recodex-wiki/Communication.md

Communication

This section gives detailed overview about communication in ReCodEx solution. Basic concept is captured on following image:

Red connections are through ZeroMQ sockets, Blue are through WebSockets and Green are through HTTP. All ZeroMQ messages are sent as multipart with one string (command, option) per part, with no empty frames (unles explicitly specified otherwise).

Internal worker communication

Communication between the two worker threads is split into two separate parts, each one holding dedicated connection line. These internal lines are realized by ZeroMQ inproc PAIR sockets. In this section we assume that the thread of the worker which communicates with broker is called listening thread and the other one, which is evaluating incoming jobs is called execution thread. Listening thread is a server in both cases (the one who calls the bind() method), but because of how ZeroMQ works, it's not very important (connect() call in clients can precede server bind() call with no issue).

Main communication

Main communication is on inproc://jobs sockets. Listening thread is waiting for any messages (from broker, jobs and progress sockets) and passes incoming requests to the execution thread, which handles them properly.

Commands from listening thread to execution thread:

• eval - evaluate a job. Requires 3 message frames:
  • job_id - identifier of this job (in ASCII representation -- we avoid endianness issues and also support alphabetic ids)
  • job_url - URI location of archive with job configuration and submitted source code
  • result_url - remote URI where results will be pushed to

Commands from execution thread to listening thread:

• done - notifying of finished job. Requires 2 message frames:
  • job_id - identifier of finished job
  • result - response result, one of "OK" and "ERR"

Progress callback

Progress messages are sent through inproc://progress sockets. This is only one way communication from execution thread to the listening thread.

Commands:

• progress - notice about evaluation progress. Requires 2 or 4 arguments:
  • job_id - identifier of current job
  • state - what is happening now. One of "DOWNLOADED" (submission successfuly fetched), "UPLOADED" (results are uploaded to fileserver), "STARTED" (evaluation started), "ENDED" (evaluation is finnished) and "TASK" (task state changed - see below)
  • task_id - only present for "TASK" state - identifier of task in current job
  • task_state - only present for "TASK" state - result of task evaluation. One of "COMPLETED", "FAILED" and "SKIPPED".

Broker - Worker communication

Broker is server when communicating with worker. IP address and port are configurable, protocol is TCP. Worker socket is DEALER, broker one is ROUTER type. Because of that, very first part of every (multipart) message from broker to worker must be target worker's socket identity (which is saved on it's init command).

Commands from broker to worker:

• eval - evaluate a job. See eval command in Communication#main-communication
• intro - introduce yourself to the broker (with init command) - this is required when the broker loses track of the worker who sent the command. Possible reasons for such event are e.g. that one of the communicating sides shut down and restarted without the other side noticing.
• pong - reply to ping command, no arguments

Commands from worker to broker:

• init - introduce yourself to the broker. Useful on startup or after reestablishing lost connection. Requires at least 2 arguments:
  • hwgroup - hardware group of this worker
  • header - additional header describing worker capabilities. Format must be header_name=value, every header shall be in a separate message frame. There is no maximum limit on number of headers.
• done - job evaluation finished, see done command in Communication#main-communication.
• progress - evaluation progress report, see progress command in Communication#progress-callback
• ping - tell broker I'm alive, no arguments

Heartbeating

It is important for the broker and workers to know if the other side is still working (and connected). This is achieved with a simple heartbeating protocol.

The protocol requires the workers to send a ping command regularly (the interval is configurable on both sides - future releases might let the worker send its ping interval with the init command). Upon receiving a ping command, the broker responds with pong.

Both sides keep track of missing heartbeating messages since the last one was received. When this number reaches a threshold (called maximum liveness), the other side is considered dead.

When the broker decides a worker died, it tries to reschedule its jobs to other workers.

If a worker thinks the broker is dead, it tries to reconnect with a bounded, exponentially increasing delay.

Worker - File Server communication

Worker is communicating with file server only from execution thread. Supported is HTTP protocol optionally with SSL encryption (recommended, you can get free certificate from Let's Encrypt if you haven't one yet). If supported by server and used version of libcurl, HTTP/2 standard is also available. File server should be set up to require basic HTTP authentication and worker is capable to send corresponding credentials with each request.

Worker point of view

Worker is cabable of 2 things - download file and upload file. Internally, worker is using libcurl C library with very similar setup. In both cases it can verify HTTPS certificate (on Linux against system cert list, on Windows against downloaded one from their website during installation), support basic HTTP authentication, offer HTTP/2 with fallback to HTTP/1.1 and fail on error (returned HTTP status code is >= 400). Worker have list of credentials to all available file servers in it's config file.

• download file - standard HTTP GET request to given URL expecting content as response
• upload file - standard HTTP PUT request to given URL with file data as body - same as command line tool curl with option --upload-file

File server point of view

File server has it's internal directory structure, where all the files are stored. It provides REST API to get them or create new ones. File server doesn't provide authentication or secured connection by itself, but it's supposed to run file server as WSGI script inside a web server (like Apache) with proper configuration. For communication with worker are relevant these commands:

• GET /submission_archives/<id>.<ext> - gets an archive with submitted source code and corresponding configuration of this job evaluation
• GET /tasks/<hash> - gets a file, common usage is for input files or reference result files
• PUT /results/<id>.<ext> - upload archive with evaluation results under specified name (should be same id as name of submission archive). On successful upload returns JSON { "result": "OK" } as body of returned page.

If not specified otherwise, zip format of archives is used. Symbol / in API description is root of file server's domain. If the domain is for example fs.recodex.org with SSL support, getting input file for one task could look as GET request to https://fs.recodex.org/tasks/8b31e12787bdae1b5766ebb8534b0adc10a1c34c.

Broker - Monitor communication

Broker communicates with monitor also through ZeroMQ over TCP protocol. Type of socket is same on both sides, ROUTER. Monitor is set as server in this communication, its IP address and port are configurable in monitor's config file. ZeroMQ socket ID (set on monitor's side) is "recodex-monitor" and must be sent as first frame of every multipart message - see ZeroMQ ROUTER socket documentation for more info.

Note that the monitor is designed so that it can receive data both from the broker and workers. The current architecture prefers the broker to do all the communication so that the workers don't have to know too many network services.

Monitor is treated as a somewhat optional part of whole solution, so no special effort on communication realibility was made.

Commands from monitor to broker:

Because there is no need for the monitor to communicate with the broker, there are no commands so far. Any message from monitor to broker is logged and discarded.

Commands from broker to monitor:

• progress - notification about progress with job evaluation. See Communication#progress-callback for more info.

Broker - Frontend communication

Broker communicates with frontend through ZeroMQ connection over TCP. Socket type on broker side is ROUTER, on frontend part it's REQ. Broker acts as a server, its IP address and port is configurable in frontend.

Commands from frontend to broker:

• eval - evaluate a job. Requires at least 4 frames:
  • job_id - identifier of this job (in ASCII representation -- we avoid endianness issues and also support alphabetic ids)
  • header - additional header describing worker capabilities. Format must be header_name=value, every header shall be in a separate message frame. There is no maximum limit on number of headers. There may be also no headers at all.
  • empty frame (with empty string)
  • job_url - URI location of archive with job configuration and submitted source code
  • result_url - remote URI where results will be pushed to

Commands from broker to frontend (all are responses to eval command):

• accept - broker is capable of routing request to a worker
• reject - broker can't handle this job (for example when the requirements specified by the headers cannot be met). There are (rare) cases when the broker finds that it cannot handle the job after it's been confirmed. In such cases it uses the frontend REST API to mark the job as failed.

File Server - Frontend communication

File server has a REST API for interaction with other parts of ReCodEx. Description communication with workers is in Communication#file-server-point-of-view. On top of that, there are other command for interaction with frontend:

• GET /results/<id>.<ext> - download archive with evaluated results of job id
• POST /submissions/<id> - upload new submission with identifier id. Expects that the body of the POST request uses file paths as keys and the content of the files as values. On successful upload returns JSON { "archive_path": <archive_url>, "result_path": <result_url> } in response body. From archive_path can be the submission downloaded (by worker) and corresponding evaluation results shouldbe uploaded to result_path.
• POST /tasks - upload new files, which will be available by names eqal to sha1sum of their content. There can be uploaded more files at once. On successful upload returns JSON { "result": "OK", "files": <file_list> } in response body, where file_list is dictionary of original file name as key and new URL with already hashed name as value.

There are no plans yet to support deleting files from this API. This may change in time.

TODO: frontend side

Monitor - Browser communication

Monitor interacts with browser through WebSocket connection. Monitor acts as server and browsers are connecting to it. IP address and port are also configurable. When client connects to the monitor, it sends a message with string representation of channel id (which messages are interested in, usually id of evaluating job). There can be at most one listener per channel, latter connection replaces previous one. After establishing the connection, the message "Connection established" is sent from monitor to browser.

When monitor receives "progress" message from broker there are two options:

• there is no WebSocket connection for listed channel (job id) - message is dropped
• there is active WebSocket connection for listed channel - message is parsed into JSON format (see below) and send as string to browser. Messages for active connections are queued, so no messages are discarded even on heavy workload.

Message JSON format is dictionary with keys:

• command - type of progress. One of "STARTED" (evaluation started), "DOWNLOADED" (submission source downloaded), "TASK" (progress on one of the tasks), "UPLOADED" (results are uploaded), "ENDED" (evaluation ended)
• task_id - id of currently evaluated task. Present only if command is "TASK".
• task_state - state of task with id task_id. Present only if command is "TASK". Value is one of "COMPLETED", "FAILED" and "SKIPPED".

Frontend - Browser communication

TODO: